Derived chamber footprint · 3 × 255 m × 16 m
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Active Karlshamn bulk-oil reserve in three enormous unlined rock chambers beneath groundwater, behind four-metre-thick locks, using water-bed sealing, automated groundwater pumps and 55 °C product heating.
Derived chamber footprint · 3 × 255 m × 16 m
Start date not established
Completion date not established
Unit-attributed from its source article
Functional recreation of the documented facility in Sweden using current construction methods and 2026 prices, preserving the documented capacity, protection, autonomy and redundancy. Ex VAT; excluding land, financing, remediation, classified mission equipment and data-centre hardware.
The Karlshamn active structural basis still mixes clear internal volume, footprint and stale geometry assumptions; reconcile excavation, support and inner-concrete quantities before publishing a point estimate.
Method, scope and confidence →7 photographs sourced from the original article, with captions where available.
Published, calculated and proxy dimensions are deliberately separated. Missing evidence stays visible instead of becoming zero.
Rock in place removed before bulking; the excavation-pricing quantity.
Internal airspace; not the amount of rock removed.
Blasted material after bulking; the haul and disposal quantity.
These cubic metres are not interchangeable.
Usable, floor or footprint area; the label is preserved because these are not always interchangeable.
Derived chamber footprint · 3 × 255 m × 16 m · Publisher chamber dimensionsRock in place removed before bulking; the quantity used to price excavation.
~343,000 m³ including modest crown/overbreak/access × SEK 7,000/m³ · Audit revisionInternal air or chamber volume. It is not solid excavation without overbreak, access and support geometry.
Geometric Volume All Chambers · Publisher-reported or publisher-geometry calculationBlasted material after bulking, or its handled mass. No swollen cubic metres are inferred when only tonnes are modelled.
~343,000 solid m³ × 2.65 t/m³ × SEK 100/t · Audit revisionLength alone is insufficient; a costable tunnel also needs width, height or cross-sectional area.
No usable quantity in the reviewed source · Evidence gapPublished chamber or arch geometry used to test volume and support assumptions.
Chamber Dimensions Each · Publisher articleRock surface requiring bolts, mesh or shotcrete, preferably measured in square metres.
No support-area quantity is published · Audited excavation scopeCounts and dimensions of access, transfer, utility and emergency interfaces.
Heavy protected-system allowance · Audit revisionCast inner structures and linings, kept separate from excavated rock and reinforcement mass.
Class-proxy quantity retained in the audited base; the publisher's chamber height and footprint are shown separately and supersede the prior missing-height statement. · Reviewed base modelGroundwater, inflow, drainage, pumping and moisture-control evidence affecting construction and operation.
Hydraulic Seal · Publisher articleThe headline answers the current replacement question. Historic cost, CPI and construction-index comparisons remain separate because they answer different questions.
Different specifications receive different estimates; they are not used as the upper and lower limits of one answer.
Preserves documented capacity, protection, autonomy and redundancy using current construction methods.
Requires a modern structural, fire, protection and supplier performance brief.
Requires IT load, cooling topology, grid capacity, redundancy and autonomy. Server hardware is excluded.
No representative facility construction cost selected
General purchasing-power comparison—not a construction quote
Broad BKI proxy—not a bunker-specific rebuild price
Scope lock. Functional recreation of the documented facility in Sweden using current construction methods and 2026 prices, preserving the documented capacity, protection, autonomy and redundancy. Ex VAT; excluding land, financing, remediation, classified mission equipment and data-centre hardware. The article supplies unusually strong cavern geometry: three unlined oil-storage chambers, each 16 m wide, 25 m high and 255 m long. Their clear internal volume is 102,000 m³ each and 306,000 m³ total, while their chamber-floor footprint is 12,240 m² / 131,75…
Audit revision sweden-replacement-audit-2026.08.15. The central WBS below incorporates the 61-article review. The former deterministic low/base/high cases remain available only as sensitivities and revision history.
Point estimate withheld · audited seed retained only for revision history
Central quantities × current installed-rate screen.
Not yet probability-weighted. The current legacy concept contingency remains separate.
22% applied to the direct-work screen.
A scope conflict prevents a defensible point estimate.
The published geometry describes three giant storage chambers; usable floor area is not directly reported.
86/100 article-geometry completeness. Detailed source extraction is available in the original-article audit.
Confidence D · geometry completeness 86/100
Largest active lines in the audited central component schedule.
The workbook publishes one revised central schedule. Its prior low and high stress cases are retained only under sensitivities; no line-level probability distributions are implied.
Hydrogeology, groundwater control, pumps and monitoring · SEK 180,000,000
Hydrogeology, groundwater control, pumps and monitoring · SEK 180,000,000
Testing, commissioning and environmental documentation · SEK 32,000,000
| Change | Scope | Audited base | Quantity / rate basis | Provenance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Removed | 01Storage-cavern excavation and supportCivil Rock | SEK 2,295,000,000Excluded from revision | 306,000 Solid Design m³ × SEK 7,500 / Solid Design m³Derived From Published quantity · Assumption rateThree reported geometric chamber volumes of 102000 m³ each. | Existing archive WBS |
| Removed | 02Rock mass handlingMass Handling | SEK 81,090,000Excluded from revision | 810,900 T × SEK 100 / TDerived From Published quantity · Derived rateThree reported geometric chamber volumes of 102000 m³ each. Mass uses an assumed Swedish hard-rock density of 2.65 t/m³. | Existing archive WBS |
| Retained | 03Concrete floors, barriers and containmentStructural | SEK 47,600,000 | 6,800 m³ × SEK 7,000 / m³Class Proxy quantity · Assumption ratePrior proxy line retained at its audited base amount; its original missing-geometry rationale is superseded by the article correction above. | Existing archive WBS |
| Retained | 04Installed reinforcementStructural | SEK 11,900,000 | 340,000 Kg × SEK 35 / KgClass Proxy quantity · Assumption ratePrior proxy line retained at its audited base amount; its original missing-geometry rationale is superseded by the article correction above. | Existing archive WBS |
| Removed | 05Cavern services and fire systemsBuilding Services | SEK 178,500,000Excluded from revision | 11,900 m² / 128,091 ft² × SEK 15,000 / Usable m²Class Proxy quantity · Assumption rateFloor-area proxy derived by applying explicit height scenarios to 306000 m³ of reported chamber geometry; chamber height is not published. Fit-out factor is 0.7 times the reference scale. | Existing archive WBS |
| Removed | 06Protected access and resilient utilitiesProtection | SEK 153,000,000Excluded from revision | 8.5 Project × SEK 18,000,000 / ProjectAssumption quantity · Assumption rateOne protection package per 2000 usable m² / 21,528 ft², subject to a 1-package minimum. | Existing archive WBS |
| Removed | 07Portals and transfer interfacesSite And Access | SEK 6,000,000Excluded from revision | 1 Project × SEK 6,000,000 / ProjectPublished quantity · Assumption rateA principal protected access behind four-metre locks is described. | Existing archive WBS |
| Added | R433Storage-cavern excavation and engineered support | SEK 2,399,000,000 | ~343,000 m³ including modest crown/overbreak/access × SEK 7,000/m³ | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R434Rock mass handling | SEK 91,000,000 | ~343,000 solid m³ × 2.65 t/m³ × SEK 100/t | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R435Cavern services and fire systems | SEK 130,000,000 | 12,240 m² / 131,750 ft² published footprint; supplier scope required | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R436Protected access and resilient utilities | SEK 110,000,000 | Heavy protected-system allowance | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R437Oil heating, transfer, containment and fire/explosion plant | SEK 400,000,000 | Functional process module; storage duty required | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R438Four-metre locks and transfer interfaces | SEK 30,000,000 | Supplier-budget allowance | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R439Hydrogeology, groundwater control, pumps and monitoring | SEK 180,000,000 | Explicit water-bed system allowance | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
| Added | R440Testing, commissioning and environmental documentation | SEK 32,000,000 | Integrated process/protection testing | Original-article geometry plus explicit screening assumption |
Active base WBS SEK 3,431,500,000 · owner/design and contingency are added in the scenario cards above · 12 removed rows across the archive remain visible as change history.
The three inputs most likely to move the current screen.
These deterministic stress cases simultaneously vary quantities, rates, scope allowances and contingency. They are not confidence intervals and no longer serve as the headline answer.
Links support a rate, scope boundary or method. Context-only sources are not represented as quotations.
Gryaab February-2024 long-tunnel benchmark: SEK 5,513/design m³ for excavation plus support. Low case is lightly currentized; base/high add small, constrained, non-repetitive bunker uncertainty.
Gryaab February-2024 long-tunnel benchmark: SEK 5,513/design m³ for excavation plus support. Low case is lightly currentized; base/high add small, constrained, non-repetitive bunker uncertainty.
Skanska's Ostlanken order value is SEK 240m for handling 2.0m tonnes of rock and 0.4m tonnes of soil, excluding options. The base is the observed blended benchmark; bounds are assumptions.
Public ready-mix material check only; installed underground rates require RFQ.
Public retail material check only; cutting, bending, fixing, waste and underground logistics require RFQ.
Public sources establish specialized tested products but not project prices.
Store large strategic/reserve volumes of oil with protected access and geotechnical containment.
Water-bed storage principle began development; not a focal-facility construction date.
B005Three chambers were active and nearly full of oil.
B004,B007Active protected industrial oil storage.
B004,B00715 reviewed claims. Evidence locators resolve against the stored article hash or archived snapshot.
| Subject | Claim | Value | Date | Evidence | Certainty |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| milestone | Event | Water-bed storage principle began development; not a focal-facility construction date. | late 1940s onward | B005 | Reported |
| milestone | Event | Three chambers were active and nearly full of oil. | article era | B004,B007 | Reported |
| lifecycle summary | Event | Active protected industrial oil storage. | article era | B004,B007 | Reported |
| quantitative observation | Lock Thickness | 4 m | — | B003 | Reported |
| quantitative observation | Storage Chambers | 3 chambers | — | B004 | Reported |
| quantitative observation | Chamber Dimensions Each | {"length":255,"width":16,"height":25} | — | B004 | Reported |
| quantitative observation | Geometric Volume Per Chamber | 102,000 m³ | — | B004 | Inferred |
| quantitative observation | Geometric Volume All Chambers | 306,000 m³ | — | B004 | Inferred |
| quantitative observation | Oil Storage Temperature | 55 degrees C | — | B006 | Reported |
| technical system | Geotechnical Containment | Oil rests on a water bed in unlined rock below groundwater; inward groundwater pressure acts as the seal. | — | B005 | Reported |
| technical system | Water Management | Automatically controlled pumps remove infiltrating groundwater. | — | B005 | Reported |
| technical system | Heating | Product maintained at 55 °C through direct product, indirect water-bed or occasional steam heating. | — | B006 | Reported |
| technical system | Access | Double-level cross-tunnels reach both upper chamber levels and lower pump areas. | — | B004 | Reported |
| protection | Deep Rock And Massive Locks | Storage is far underground behind four-metre-thick locks. | — | B003 | Reported |
| protection | Hydraulic Seal | Groundwater pressure and water bed form environmental/product containment rather than a conventional tank lining. | — | B005 | Reported |